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UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Typical unit
For applications requiring wide range input, improved electrical and thermal perfomance consider Murata Power Solutions' new UQQ Series "Quarter-Brick" DC/DC Converters. They measure just 1.45 x 2.22 x 0.43 inches (36.8 x 56.4 x 10.92mm) and fit the industrystandard footprint.
FEATURES
RoHS compliant Standard quarter-brick package/pinout in through-hole version Low cost; Low profile, 0.43"(10.92mm) 9-36V or 18-75V wide range inputs Output current: 4 to 25 Amps Output voltages: 3.3, 5, 12, 15 or 24V Interleaved synchronous-rectifier topology Ultra high efficiency No output reverse conduction Outstanding thermal performance On/off control, trim & sense functions Fully isolated, up to 2250Vdc (48 VIN) Output overvoltage protection Fully I/O protected; Thermal shutdown Designed to meet UL/EN/IEC60950-1 safety approvals RoHS hazardous substance compliant
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
From an 9-36V or 18-75V input, UQQ's deliver outputs of 3.3V, 5V,12V,15V, or 24V. They employ an interleaved, synchronous-rectifier topology that exploits 100% of their duty cycle. They simultaneously achieve ultra-high efficiency (to 90%), tight line/load regulation, low noise, and quick step response. A state of the art, single-board, open-frame design with reduced component count, high efficiency, low-on-resistance FET's, and planar magnetics embedded in heavy-copper pc boards all contribute to impressive thermal derating. The UQQ's feature set includes high isolation, input pi filters, input undervoltage shutdown, output overvoltage protection, current limiting, short-circuit protection and thermal shutdown. The standard footprint carries on/off control (positive or negative polarity), output trim (+10/-20%) and output sense functions. All UQQ quarter-bricks are designed with full magnetic and optical isolation up to 2250 Volts DC (basic insulation).
SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC
Typical topology is shown.
For full details go to www.murata-ps.com/rohs
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 1 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Performance Specifications and Ordering Guide
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND ORDERING GUIDE
Output Root Model 5 UQQ-3.3/25-Q12P-C UQQ-3.3/25-Q48N-C UQQ-5/17-Q12P-C UQQ-5/20-Q48N-C UQQ-12/8-Q12P-C UQQ-12/8-Q48N-C UQQ-15/7-Q12P-C UQQ-24/4-Q12P-C VOUT (V) 3.3 3.3 5 5 12 12 15 24 IOUT (A) 25 25 17 20 8 8 7 4 Power (Watts) 82.5 82.5 85 100 96 96 105 96 R/N (mVp-p) Typ. 50 80 40 100 40 95 56 125 Max. 80 125 75 140 75 150 100 170 Line 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% Regulation Load 0.125% 0.2% 0.06% 0.165% 0.05% 0.1% 0.1% 0.075% VIN Nom. (Volts) 12 48 12 48 12 48 12 12 Range (Volts) 9-36 18-75 9-36 18-75 9-36 18-75 9-36 10-36 Input IIN, no load IIN, full load (mA) (A) 180 80 150 65 180 70 250 120 7.81 2.01 7.83 2.47 8.99 2.3 9.67 8.99 Efficiency Min. 86% 86% 88.5% 82.5% 87% 87.5% 89% 87.7 Typ. 88% 88% 90.5% 84.5% 89% 89.5% 90.5% 89% Package (Case/ Pinout) C68,P32 C68,P32 C68,P32 C68,P32 C68,P32 C68,P32 C68,P32 C68,P32
1 Typical at TA = +25C under nominal line voltage and full-load conditions. All models are specified with an external 1F multi-layer ceramic and 10F capacitors across their output pins and 100F external input capacitor. 2 Ripple/Noise (R/N) measured over a 20MHz bandwidth.
3 Devices have no minimum-load requirements and will regulate under no-load conditions. Regulation specifications describe the output voltage deviation as the line voltage or load is varied from its nominal/midpoint value to either extreme. (Load step = 50%.) 4 Nominal line voltage, no load/full load condition. 5 Please refer to the Part Number Structure for additional part numbers and options.
PART NUMBER STRUCTURE
U QQ - 5 / 17 - Q12 N B 9 Lx - C
Output Configuration Quarter-Brick Package Nominal Output Voltage Maximum Rated Output Input Voltage Range Q12 = 9-36V Q48 = 18-75V Remote On/Off Control Polarity: Add "P" for positive polarity Add "N" for negative polarity
Some model options may require minimum order quantities.
RoHS-6 hazardous substance compliant (please include this designator for all models) Pin Length Option Blank = Std. pin length Alternate pin lengths require quantity order. L1 = 0.110 (2.79mm) L2 = 0.145 (3.68mm) Baseplate Pin 9 (special order): Blank = No pin 9, standard 9 = Pin 9 installed, connects to baseplate
}
Baseplate (optional): Blank = no baseplate standard B = baseplate installed, special order
Note: Some model number combinations may not be available. Contact Murata Power Solutions.
Pin 9 Baseplate Connection The UQQ series may include an optional installed baseplate for extended thermal management. This baseplate is electrically isolated from the rest of the converter. Various UQQ models are also available with an additional pin 9 on special quantity order which electrically connects to the baseplate. Pin 9 is also isolated from the rest of the converter. Please refer to the mechanical drawings. Pin 9 offers a positive method of controlling the electrical potential of the baseplate, independent of the converter. If you do not include pin 9, the baseplate may also be grounded by the mounting bolts. The baseplate may be ordered by adding a "B" to the model number tree and pin 9 will be pre-installed by adding a "9". The two options are separate. Please refer to the Ordering Guide. Do not order pin 9 without the baseplate. Note that "pin 9" converters may be on limited forecast, requiring minimum order quantities and scheduled deliveries. Please see page 9 for heatsink information.
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 2 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
4.76 .187 12.7 .50 23.6 .93 REF 56.4 2.22 47.24 1.860 4X M3X0.5 THRU , .10" MAX PENETRATION (4 PLS) 10.9 .43
0.25 .010 MIN BOTTOM CLEARANCE
C L
INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTIONS Pin Function P32 1 2 3 4 -Input Remote On/Off* +Input -Output -Sense Output Trim +Sense +Output Baseplate (optional)
36.8 1.45
26.16 1.030
13.08 .515 REF
5
C L
6 7 8 9
END VIEW WITH BASEPLATE
OPTIONAL BASEPLATE 'B' OPTION
TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW
END VIEW WITHOUT BASEPLATE
* The Remote On/Off can be provided with either positive ("P" suffix) or negative ("N" suffix) polarity.
Important! Always connect the sense pins; see Application Notes.
50.80 2.000 1.570.05 2X .062.002 AT PINS 4 & 8 1.020.05 .040.002 AT PINS 1-3, 5-7, (9)
3.81 .150 3.81 .150
25.4 1.00 REF
C L
.071.002 [1.80] VENTED SHOULDER .040 PIN ON EACH 7.62 .300
Dimensions are in inches (mm shown for ref. only).
Third Angle Projection
C L
18.42 .725 REF
8 7 6 5 4
3 2 9 1 7.62 .300 BOTTOM VIEW Optional pin #9 Connects to baseplate And is electrically isolated from converter
C L
Tolerances (unless otherwise specified): .XX 0.02 (0.5) .XXX 0.010 (0.25) Angles 2 Components are shown for reference only.
Soldering Guidelines
Murata Power Solutions recommends the specifications below when installing these converters. These specifications vary depending on the solder type. Exceeding these specifications may cause damage to the product. Be cautious when there is high atmospheric humidity. We strongly recommend a mild pre-bake (100 C. for 30 minutes). Your production environment may differ; therefore please thoroughly review these guidelines with your process engineers. Wave Solder Operations for through-hole mounted products (THMT)
For Sn/Ag/Cu based solders: Maximum Preheat Temperature Maximum Pot Temperature Maximum Solder Dwell Time 115 C. 270 C. 7 seconds For Sn/Pb based solders: Maximum Preheat Temperature Maximum Pot Temperature Maximum Solder Dwell Time 105 C. 250 C. 6 seconds
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 3 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Performance and Functional Specifications
UQQ-3.3/25-Q12 UQQ-3.3/25-Q48 UQQ-5/17-Q12 See ordering guide 9.0 Volts 8.0 Volts 37.5 Volts 75mAp-p See ordering guide 0.1A2sec 100mA 150mA 10.44 Amps 8mA L-C Yes (15) UQQ-5/20-Q48 UQQ-12/8-Q12
INPUT
Input Voltage Range Start-up Threshold Undervoltage Shutdown Overvoltage Shutdown Reflected (back) ripple current (2) Input Current Full load conditions Inrush transient Output short circuit No load Low line (VIN = min.) Standby mode (Off, UV, OT shutdown) Internal Input Filter Type Reverse Polarity Protection Remote On/Off Control (5) Positive logic ("P" suffix) Negative logic ("N" suffix) On/Off Current 1 mA 9.0 Volts 8.0 Volts 37.5 Volts 25mAp-p 17.50 Volts 16.75 Volts None 15mAp-p 17.5 Volts 15.75 Volts (IOUT = OA) None 80mAp-p 9.0 Volts 8.0 Volts 37.5 Volts 75mAp-p
250mA 150mA 10.4 Amps 8mA LC Yes (15)
100mA 80mA 5.18 Amps 2mA Pi-type NA
50mA 65mA 6.24 Amps 5mA L-C Yes (15)
250mA 180mA 12.12 Amps 5mA L-C Yes (15)
OFF = Ground pin to +0.8V max. ON = open or +3.5-15V max. OFF = open or +5 to +VIN max. ON = Ground pin to +0.8V max. (16) 1 mA 1 mA See ordering guide 1% of VNOM 10% of VNOM 10% of VNOM -20 to +10% of VNOM 0.02% of VOUT range/C No minimum load +10% See ordering guide 10,000F 4700F 10,000F 10,000F 4700F -20 to +10% of VNOM -20 to +10% of VNOM 1mA 1 mA
OUTPUT
Voltage Output Range Voltage Output Accuracy (50% load) Adjustment Range Temperature Coefficient Minimum Loading Remote Sense Compensation Ripple/noise (20MHz bandwidth) Line/Load Regulation Efficiency Maximum Capacitive Loading Low ESR <0.02 max., resistive load Isolation Voltage Input to Output Input fo baseplate Baseplate to output Isolation resistance Isolation capacitance Isolation safety rating Current limit inception (98% of VOUT, after warmup) Short Circuit Protection Method Short Circuit Current Short Circuit Duration Overvoltage Protection via magnetic feedback
2000 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 100M 1500 pF 30 Amps
2250 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 500 VDC min. 100M 1000 pF 29 Amps
2000 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 750 VDC min. 100M 1000 pF Basic insulation 20.5 Amps
2250 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 100M 1500pF 27 Amps
2250 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 750 VDC min. 100M 1000 pF 9.5 Amps
5 Amps 4 Volts
Current limiting, hiccup autorestart. Remove overload for recovery. 5 Amps 3 Amps 0.5 Amps Continuous, output shorted to ground (no damage) 3.96 Volts max. 6 Volts 6 Volts
0.5 Amps 14.4 Volts
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 4 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Performance and Functional Specifications (continued)
UQQ-12/8-Q48 UQQ-15/7-Q12 See ordering guide 9.0 Volts 8.0 Volts 38.5 Volts 50mAp-p See ordering guide 0.1A2sec 250mA 250mA 12.9 Amps 5mA L-C Yes (15) UQQ-24/4-Q12
INPUT
Input Voltage Range Start-up Threshold Undervoltage Shutdown Overvoltage Shutdown Reflected (back) ripple current (2) Input Current Full load conditions Inrush transient Output short circuit No load Low line (VIN = min.) Standby mode (Off, UV, OT shutdown) Internal Input Filter Type Reverse Polarity Protection Remote On/Off Control (5) Positive logic ("P" suffix) Negative logic ("N" suffix) On/Off Current 17.5 Volts 16.0 Volts None 15mAp-p 9.0 Volts 8.0 Volts None 50mAp-p
100mA 70mA 5.93A 2mA PI-type NA
250mA 120mA 10.73 Amps 5mA L-C Yes (15)
OFF = Ground pin to +0.8V max. ON = open or +3.5-15V max. OFF = open or +5 to +VIN max. ON = Ground pin to +0.8V max. (16) 1 mA See ordering guide 1.25% of VNOM -20 to +10% of VNOM 1% of VNOM -20 to +10% of VNOM 0.02% of VOUT range/C +10% No minimum loading +10% See ordering guide 2200F 4700F 1500F max +10% 1% of VNOM 10% of VNOM
OUTPUT
Voltage Output Range Voltage Output Accuracy (50% load) Adjustment Range Temperature Coefficient Minimum Loading Remote Sense Compensation Ripple/noise (20MHz bandwidth) Line/Load Regulation Efficiency Maximum Capacitive Loading Low ESR <0.02 max., resistive load Isolation Voltage Input to Output Input fo baseplate Baseplate to Output Isolation resistance Isolation capacitance Isolation safety rating Current limit inception (98% of VOUT, after warmup) Short Circuit Protection Method Short Circuit Current Short Circuit Duration Overvoltage Protection via magnetic feedback 15 Volts
2250 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 500 VDC min. 100M 1000 pF 12 Amps
2000 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 100M 1000 pF Basic insulation 9.5 Amps
2000 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 1500 VDC min. 100M 1000 pF 5.75 Amps
Current limiting, hiccup autorestart. Remove overload for recovery 0.1 Amps 0.5 Amps 0.5 Amps Continuous, output shorted to ground (no damage) 18 Volts 29 Volts
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 5 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
UQQ-3.3/25-Q12 UQQ-3.3/25-Q48 UQQ-5/17-Q12
UQQ-5/20-Q48
UQQ-12/8-Q12
UQQ-12/8-Q48
UQQ-15/7-Q12
UQQ-24/4-Q12
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Dynamic Load Response (50-75-50% load step) Start-up Time VIN to VOUT regulated Remote On/Off to VOUT regulated Switching frequency 10msec 5msec 255 25kHz 10msec max 5msec max 255 25kHz 260 25kHz 225-265kHz 260 25kHz 10msec 25msec 10msec 20msec 5msec 245 20kHz 260 25kHz 260 25kHz 10msec 10msec 50sec to 1% of final value 100sec to 1% of final value 50sec to 1% of final value 95sec to 1% of final value 50sec to 1% of final value 50sec to 2% of final value
ENVIRONMENTAL
Calculated MTBF (4) Operating Temperature Range See Derating curves Operating Temperature Range with baseplate (no Derating required) (3)(14) Storage Temperature Range Thermal Protection/Shutdown Relative humidity -40 to +105C -40 to +100C -40 to +105C TBC -40 to +85C with Derating -40 to +105C -40 to +105C -40 to +100C -40 to +105C -40 to +105C
-55 to +125C +120C, measured at thermistor T1 To +85C/85% non-condensing
PHYSICAL
Outline dimensions Baseplate material Pin material Pin diameter Weight Electromagnetic interference (conducted, external filter required) Safety Flammability See mechanical specifications Aluminum Copper alloy 0.04/0.062 inches, 1.016/1.524 mm 1 ounce (28 grams) Designed to meet FCC part 15, class B, EN55022 Designed to meet UL/cUL 60950-1, CSA-C22.2 No.60950-1, IEC/EN 60950-1 UL 94V-0
Specification Notes: (1) All models are tested and specified with 300 lfm airflow, external 1 and 10F paralleled ceramic/ tantalum output capacitors and a 100F external input capacitor. All capacitors are low ESR types. These capacitors are necessary to accommodate our test equipment and may not be required in your applications. All models are stable and regulate within spec under no-load conditions. General conditions for Specifications are +25C, VIN = nominal, VOUT = nominal, full load unless noted. (2) Input Ripple Current is tested and specified over a 5Hz to 20MHz bandwidth. Input filtering is CIN = 33F tantalum, CBUS = 220F electrolytic, LBUS = 12H. (3) Note that Maximum Power Derating curves indicate an average current at nominal input voltage. At higher temperatures and/or lower airflow, the DC/DC converter will tolerate brief full current outputs if the total RMS current over time does not exceed the Derating curve. All Derating curves are presented at sea level altitude. Be aware of reduced power dissipation with increasing altitude. (4) Mean Time Before Failure is calculated using the Telcordia (Belcore) SR-332 Method 1, Case 3, ground fixed conditions, TPCBOARD = +25C, full output load, natural air convection. (5) The On/Off Control may be driven with external logic or by applying appropriate external voltages which are referenced to Input Common. The On/Off Control Input should use either an open collector/open drain transistor or logic gate. (6) Short circuit shutdown begins when the output voltage degrades approximately 2% from the selected setting. (7) The outputs are not intended to sink appreciable reverse current.
(8) Output noise may be further reduced by adding an external filter. See I/O Filtering and Noise Reduction. (9) All models are fully operational and meet published specifications, including "cold start" at -40C. On-board component package temperatures must not exceed +128C. (10) Regulation specifications describe the deviation as the line input voltage or output load current is varied from a nominal midpoint value to either extreme. (11) Alternate pin length and/or other output voltages are available under special quantity order. (12) Overvoltage shutdown on 48V input models can be eliminated under special quantity order. OV shutdown can be deleted in order to comply with certain telecom reliability requirements. These requirements attempt continued operation despite significant input overvoltage. (13) Do not exceed maximum power specifications when adjusting the output trim. (14) Note that the converter may operate up to +105C with the baseplate installed (+100C for the UQQ-3.3/25-Q48). However, thermal self-protection occurs near +120C Therefore, +105C is recommended to avoid thermal shutdown. (15) If reverse polarity is accidentally applied to the input, to ensure reverse input protection, always connect an external input fuse in series with the +VIN input. Use approximately twice the full input current rating with nominal input voltage. (16) For On/Off Control on negative-polarity UQQ-3.3/25-Q48N models, the maximum OFF mode control voltage is +13.5 Volts. For the ON mode, the range is pin grounded to +1 Volt max. (17) Always connect the sense pins. If they are not connected to a remote load, connect each sense pin to its respective output at the converter pins.
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 6 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Input Voltage Continuous Transient (100msec) On/Off Control Input Reverse Polarity Protection Output Overvoltage Output Current (7) 12V models 0 to +36V +50V 48V models 0 to +75V +100V 0V min to +13.5V max. See Fuse section VOUT +20% max. Current-limited. Devices can withstand sustained short circuit without damage. -55 to +125C See soldering guidelines
They should be selected for bulk capacitance (at appropriate frequencies), low ESR, and high rms-ripple-current ratings. The switching nature of DC/DC converters requires that dc voltage sources have low ac impedance as highly inductive source impedance can affect system stability. In Figure 2, CBUS and LBUS simulate a typical dc voltage bus. Your specific system configuration may necessitate additional considerations. In critical applications, output ripple/noise (also referred to as periodic and random deviations or PARD) can be reduced below specified limits using filtering techniques, the simplest of which is the installation of additional external output capacitors. Output capacitors function as true filter elements and should be selected for bulk capacitance, low ESR, and appropriate frequency response. In Figure 3, the two copper strips simulate real-world pcb impedances between the power supply and its load. Scope measurements should be made using BNC connectors or the probe ground should be less than 1/2 inch and soldered directly to the fixture. All external capacitors should have appropriate voltage ratings and be located as close to the converter as possible. Temperature variations for all relevant parameters should be taken into consideration. OS-CONTM organic semiconductor capacitors (www.sanyo.com) can be especially effective for further reduction of ripple/noise. The most effective combination of external I/O capacitors will be a function of line voltage and source impedance, as well as particular load and layout conditions.
Storage Temperature Lead Temperature
Absolute maximums are stress ratings. Exposure of devices to greater than any of these conditions may adversely affect long-term reliability. Proper operation under conditions other than those listed in the Performance/Functional Specifications Table is not implied nor recommended.
Technical Notes
Removal of Soldered UQQ's from Printed Circuit Boards Should removal of the UQQ from its soldered connection be needed, thoroughly de-solder the pins using solder wicks or de-soldering tools. At no time should any prying or leverage be used to remove boards that have not been properly de-soldered first.
+SENSE
7 8
COPPER STRIP
Input Source Impedance UQQ converters must be driven from a low ac-impedance input source. The DC/DC's performance and stability can be compromised by the use of highly inductive source impedances. The input circuit shown in Figure 2 is a practical solution that can be used to minimize the effects of inductance in the input traces. For optimum performance, components should be mounted close to the DC/DC converter. I/O Filtering, Input Ripple Current, and Output Noise All models in the UQQ Series are tested/specified for input ripple current (also called input reflected ripple current) and output noise using the circuits and layout shown in Figures 2 and 3. External input capacitors (CIN in Figure 2) serve primarily as energy-storage elements.
+OUTPUT
C1 4 -OUTPUT 5 -SENSE
C2
SCOPE
RLOAD
COPPER STRIP
C1 = 1F CERAMIC C2 = 10F TANTALUM LOAD 2-3 INCHES (51-76mm) FROM MODULE
Figure 3. Measuring Output Ripple/Noise (PARD)
TO OSCILLOSCOPE
CURRENT PROBE LBUS
3
+INPUT
+ VIN - CBUS
CIN 1
-INPUT
CIN = 33F, ESR < 700m @ 100kHz CBUS = 220F, ESR < 100m @ 100kHz LBUS = 12H
Figure 2. Measuring Input Ripple Current
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 7 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Start-Up Threshold and Undervoltage Shutdown Under normal start-up conditions, the UQQ Series will not begin to regulate properly until the ramping input voltage exceeds the Start-Up Threshold. Once operating, devices will turn off when the applied voltage drops below the Undervoltage Shutdown point. Devices will remain off as long as the undervoltage condition continues. Units will automatically re-start when the applied voltage is brought back above the Start-Up Threshold. The hysteresis built into this function avoids an indeterminate on/off condition at a single input voltage. See Performance/Functional Specifications table for actual limits. Start-Up Time The VIN to VOUT Start-Up Time is the interval between the point at which a ramping input voltage crosses the Start-Up Threshold voltage and the point at which the fully loaded output voltage enters and remains within its specified accuracy band. Actual measured times will vary with input source impedance, external input capacitance, and the slew rate and final value of the input voltage as it appears to the converter. The On/Off to VOUT start-up time assumes that the converter is turned off via the Remote On/Off Control with the nominal input voltage already applied. On/Off Control The primary-side, Remote On/Off Control function (pin 2) can be specified to operate with either positive or negative polarity. Positive-polarity devices ("P" suffix) are enabled when pin 2 is left open or is pulled high. Positivepolarity devices are disabled when pin 2 is pulled low (with respect to -Input). Negative-polarity devices are off when pin 2 is high and on when pin 2 is pulled low. See Figure 4 Dynamic control of the remote on/off function is best accomplished with a mechanical relay or an open-collector/open-drain drive circuit (optically isolated if appropriate). The drive circuit should be able to sink appropriate current (see Performance Specifications) when activated and withstand appropriate voltage when deactivated. should not be allowed to exceed 0.5V. Consider using heavier wire if this drop is excessive. Sense is connected at the load and corrects for resistive errors only. Be careful where it is connected. Any long, distributed wiring and/or significant inductance introduced into the Sense control loop can adversely affect overall system stability. If in doubt, test the application, and observe the DC/DC's output transient response during step loads. There should be no appreciable ringing or oscillation. You may also adjust the output trim slightly to compensate for voltage loss in any external filter elements. Do not exceed maximum power ratings. Current Limiting When power demands from the output falls within the current limit inception range for the rated output current, the DC/DC converter will go into a current limiting mode. In this condition the output voltage will decrease proportionately with increases in output current, thereby maintaining a somewhat constant power dissipation. This is commonly referred to as power limiting. Current limit inception is defined as the point where the fullpower output voltage falls below the specified tolerance. If the load current being drawn from the converter is significant enough, the unit will go into a short circuit condition. See "Short Circuit Condition." Short Circuit Condition When a converter is in current limit mode the output voltages will drop as the output current demand increases. If the output voltage drops too low, the magnetically coupled voltage used to develop primary side voltages will also drop, thereby shutting down the PWM controller. Following a time-out period of about 50 milliseconds, the PWM will restart, causing the output voltages to begin ramping to their appropriate values. If the short-circuit condition persists, another shutdown cycle will be initiated. This on/off cycling is referred to as "hiccup" mode. The hiccup cycling reduces the average output current, thereby preventing internal temperatures from rising to excessive levels. The UQQ is capable of enduring an indefinite short circuit output condition. Thermal Shutdown UQQ converters are equipped with thermal-shutdown circuitry. If the internal temperature of the DC/DC converter rises above the designed operating temperature (See Performance Specifications), a precision temperature sensor will power down the unit. When the internal temperature decreases below the threshold of the temperature sensor, the unit will self start. Output Overvoltage Protection The output voltage is monitored for an overvoltage condition via magnetic coupling to the primary side. If the output voltage rises to a fault condition, which could be damaging to the load circuitry (see Performance Specifications), the sensing circuitry will power down the PWM controller causing the output voltage to decrease. Following a time-out period the PWM will restart, causing the output voltage to ramp to its appropriate value. If the fault condition persists, and the output voltages again climb to excessive levels, the overvoltage circuitry will initiate another shutdown cycle. This on/off cycling is referred to as "hiccup" mode.
Figure 4. Driving the Remote On/Off Control Pin
Sense Input Note: The sense and VOUT lines are internally connected through low-value resistors. Nevertheless, if sense is not used for remote regulation, the user must connect + sense to + VOUT and -sense to -VOUT at the converter pins. Sense is intended to correct small output accuracy errors caused by the resistive ohmic drop in output wiring as output current increases. This output drop (the difference between Sense and VOUT when measured at the converter)
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 8 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Input Reverse-Polarity Protection
1 8
If the input-voltage polarity is accidentally reversed, an internal diode will become forward biased and likely draw excessive current from the power source. If the source is not current limited or the circuit appropriately fused, it could cause permanent damage to the converter. Input Fusing
-INPUT
+OUTPUT
+SENSE 2 ON/OFF CONTROL
7
TRIM
6 RTRIM UP
LOAD
-SENSE
5
Certain applications and/or safety agencies may require the installation of fuses at the inputs of power conversion components. Fuses should also be used if the possibility of a sustained, non-current-limited, input-voltage polarity reversal exists. For MPS UQQ Series DC/DC Converters, slow-blow fuses are recommended with values no greater than twice the maximum input current. Trimming Output Voltage UQQ converters have a trim capability (pin 6) that enables users to adjust the output voltage from +10% to -20% (refer to the trim equations). Adjustments to the output voltage can be accomplished with a single fixed resistor as shown in Figures 5 and 6. A single fixed resistor can increase or decrease the output voltage depending on its connection. Resistors should be located close to the converter and have TCR's less than 100ppm/C to minimize sensitivity to changes in temperature. If the trim function is not used, leave the trim pin open. Standard UQQ's have a "positive trim" where a single resistor connected from the Trim pin (pin 6) to the +Sense (pin 7) will increase the output voltage. A resistor connected from the Trim Pin (pin 6) to the -Sense (pin 5) will decrease the output voltage. Trim adjustments greater than the specified +10%/-20% can have an adverse affect on the converter's performance and are not recommended. Excessive voltage differences between VOUT and Sense, in conjunction with trim adjustment of the output voltage, can cause the overvoltage protection circuitry to activate (see Performance Specifications for overvoltage limits). Temperature/power derating is based on maximum output current and voltage at the converter's output pins. Use of the trim and sense functions can cause output voltages to increase, thereby increasing output power beyond the UQQ's specified rating, or cause output voltages to climb into the output overvoltage region. Therefore: (VOUT at pins) x (IOUT) rated output power The Trim pin (pin 6) is a relatively high impedance node that can be susceptible to noise pickup when connected to long conductors in noisy environments. In such cases, a 0.22F capacitor to -Output can be added to reduce this long lead effect.
3
+INPUT
-OUTPUT
4
Figure 5. Trim Connections To Increase Output Voltages Using Fixed Resistors
1
-INPUT
+OUTPUT
8
+SENSE 2 ON/OFF CONTROL
7
TRIM
6 RTRIM DOWN
LOAD
-SENSE 3 +INPUT
5
-OUTPUT
4
Figure 6. Trim Connections To Decrease Output Voltages Using Fixed Resistors
Trim Up
Trim Down
UQQ-3.3/25-Q12, UQQ-3.3/25-Q48
RT UP (k ) = 13.3(VO - 1.226) VO - 3.3 -10.2 RTDOWN (k ) = 16.31 3.3 - VO -10.2
UQQ-5/17-Q12, UQQ-5/20-Q48
RT UP (k ) = 20.4(VO - 1.226) VO - 5 -10.2 RTDOWN (k ) = 25.01 5 - VO -10.2
UQQ-12/8-Q12, UQQ-12/8-Q48
RT UP (k ) = 49.6(VO - 1.226) VO - 12 -10.2 RTDOWN (k ) = 60.45 12 - VO -10.2
UQQ-15/7-Q12
RT UP (k ) = 62.9(VO - 1.226) VO - 15 -10.2 RTDOWN (k ) = 76.56 15 - VO -10.2
UQQ-24/4-Q12
RT UP (k ) = 101 x (VO - 1.226) VO - 24 -10.2 RTDOWN (k ) = 124.2 24 - VO -10.2
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 9 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
UQQ Series Aluminum Heatsink Please note - The UQQ series shares the same heatsink kits as the UVQ series. Therefore, when ordering these heat sinks, use the model numbers below which end with the `UVQ' suffix. The UQQ series converter baseplate can be attached either to an enclosure wall or a heatsink to remove heat from internal power dissipation. The discussion below concerns only the heatsink alternative. The UQQ's are available with a low-profile extruded aluminum heatsink kit, models HS-QB25-UVQ, HS-QB50-UVQ, and HS-QB100-UVQ. This kit includes the heatsink, thermal mounting pad, screws and mounting hardware. See the assembly diagram below. Do not overtighten the screws in the tapped holes in the converter. This kit adds excellent thermal performance without sacrificing too much component height. See the Mechanical Outline Drawings for assembled dimensions. If the thermal pad is firmly attached, no thermal compound ("thermal grease") is required. When assembling these kits onto the converter, include ALL kit hardware to assure adequate mechanical capture and proper clearances. Thread relief is 0.090" (2.3mm). Thermal Performance The HS-QB25-UVQ heatsink has a thermal resistance of 12 degrees Celsius per Watt of internal heat dissipation with "natural convection" airflow (no fans or other mechanical airflow) at sea level altitude. This thermal resistance assumes that the heatsink is firmly attached using the supplied thermal pad and that there is no nearby wall or enclosure surface to inhibit the airflow. The thermal pad adds a negligible series resistance of approximately 0.5C/Watt so that the total assembled resistance is 12.5C/Watt. Be aware that we need to handle only the internal heat dissipation, not the full power output of the converter. This internal heat dissipation is related to the efficiency as follows: Power Dissipation [Pd] = Power In - Power Out [1] Power Out / Power In = Efficiency [in %] / 100 [2] Power Dissipation [Pd] = Power In x (1 -Efficiency%/100) [3] Power Dissipation [Pd] = Power Out x (1 / (Efficiency%/100) - 1) [4] Efficiency of course varies with input voltage and the total output power. Please refer to the Performance Curves. Since many applications do include fans, here is an approximate equation to calculate the net thermal resistance: R [at airflow] = R [natural convection] / (1 + (Airflow in LFM) x [Airflow Constant]) [5] Where, R [at airflow] is the net thermal resistance (in C/W) with the amount of airflow available and, R [natural convection] is the still air total path thermal resistance or in this case 12.5C/Watt and, "Airflow in LFM" is the net air movement flow rate immediately at the converter. This equation simplifies an otherwise complex aerodynamic model but is a useful starting point. The "Airflow Constant" is dependent on the fan and enclosure geometry. For example, if 200 LFM of airflow reduces the effective natural convection thermal resistance by one half, the airflow constant would be 0.005. There is no practical way to publish a "one size fits all" airflow constant because of variations in airflow direction, heatsink orientation, adjacent walls, enclosure geometry, etc. Each application must be determined empirically and the equation is primarily a way to help understand the cooling arithmetic. This equation basically says that small amounts of forced airflow are quite effective removing the heat. But very high airflows give diminishing returns. Conversely, no forced airflow causes considerable heat buildup. At zero airflow, cooling occurs only because of natural convection over the heatsink. Natural convection is often well below 50 LFM, not much of a breeze. While these equations are useful as a conceptual aid, most users find it very difficult to measure actual airflow rates at the converter. Even if you know the velocity specifications of the fan, this does not usually relate directly to the enclosure geometry. Be sure to use a considerable safety margin doing thermal analysis. If in doubt, measure the actual heat sink temperature with a calibrated thermocouple, RTD or thermistor. Safe operation should keep the heat sink below 100C.
Figure 7. Model UQQ Heatsink Assembly Diagram
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 10 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Calculating Maximum Power Dissipation To determine the maximum amount of internal power dissipation, find the ambient temperature inside the enclosure and the airflow (in Linear Feet per Minute - LFM) at the converter. Determine the expected heat dissipation using the Efficiency curves and the converter Input Voltage. You should also compensate for lower atmospheric pressure if your application altitude is considerably above sea level. The general proceedure is to compute the expected temperature rise of the heatsink. If the heatsink exceeds +100C. either increase the airflow and/or reduce the power output. Start with this equation: Internal Heat Dissipation [Pd in Watts] = (Ts - Ta)/R [at airflow] [6] where "Ta" is the enclosure ambient air temperature and, where "Ts" is the heatsink temperature and, where "R [at airflow]" is a specific heat transfer thermal resistance (in degrees Celsius per Watt) for a particular heat sink at a set airflow rate. We have already estimated R [at airflow] in the equations above. Note particularly that Ta is the air temperature inside the enclosure at the heatsink, not the outside air temperature. Most enclosures have higher internal temperatures, especially if the converter is "downwind" from other heat-producing circuits. Note also that this "Pd" term is only the internal heat dissipated inside the converter and not the total power output of the converter. We can rearrange this equation to give an estimated temperature rise of the heatsink as follows: Ts = (Pd x R [at airflow]) + Ta [7] Heatsink Kit * Model Number HS-QB25-UVQ HS-QB50-UVQ HS-QB100-UVQ Still Air (Natural convection) thermal resistance 12C/Watt 10.6C/Watt 8C/Watt Heatsink height (see drawing) 0.25" (6.35mm) 0.50" (12.7mm) 1.00" (25.4mm)
2.28 (57.91) 1.860 (47.24)
Heat Sink Example Assume an efficiency of 92% and power output of 100 Watts. Using equation [4], Pd is about 8.7 Watts at an input voltage of 48 Volts. Using +30C ambient temperature inside the enclosure, we wish to limit the heat sink temperature to +90C maximum baseplate temperature to stay well away from thermal shutdown. The +90C. figure also allows some margin in case the ambient climbs above +30C or the input voltage varies, giving us less than 92% efficiency. The heat sink and airflow combination must have the following characteristics: 8.7 W = (90-30) / R[airflow] or, R[airflow] = 60/8.7 = 6.9C/W Since the ambient thermal resistance of the heatsink and pad is 12.5C/W, we need additional forced cooling to get us down to 6.9C/W. Using a hypothetical airflow constant of 0.005, we can rearrange equation [5] as follows: (Required Airflow, LFM) x (Airflow Constant) = R[Nat.Convection] / R[at airflow] -1, or, (Required Airflow, LFM) x (Airflow Constant) = 12.5/6.9 -1 = 0.81 and, rearranging again, (Required Airflow, LFM) = 0.81/0.005 = 162 LFM 162 LFM is the minumum airflow to keep the heatsink below +90C. Increase the airflow to several hundred LFM to reduce the heatsink temperature further and improve life and reliability.
* Kit includes heatsink, thermal pad and mounting hardware.
These model numbers are correct for the UQQ series.
1.03 1.45 (26.16) (36.83)
0.140 DIA. (3.56) (4 PLACES)
*
MATERIAL: BLACK ANODIZED ALUMINUM
0.10 (2.54)
* UQQ SERIES HEATSINKS ARE AVAILABLE IN 3 HEIGHTS: 0.25 (6.35), 0.50 (12.70) AND 1.00 (25.4)
Dimensions in inches (mm)
Optional Heatsink
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 11 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Typical Performance Curves
UQQ-3.3/25-Q12 Efficiency vs. Line Voltage and Load Current @ 25C
90 88 86
UQQ-3.3/25-Q48P Efficiency vs. Line Voltage and Load Current @ 25C 90 88 86 84 Efficiency (%) 82 80 78 76 74 72 70
Efficiency (%)
84 82 80 78
VIN = 18V VIN = 24V VIN = 36V VIN = 48V VIN = 60V VIN = 72V
VIN = 12V VIN = 18V VIN = 24V VIN = 30V VIN = 36V
76 74
68 66
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
64 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 Load Current (Amps)
Load Current (Amps)
UQQ-3.3/25-Q12P Maximum Current Temperature Derating (no baseplate, VIN = 12V, air flow is transverse)
25 24.5 24
24.5 25.0
UQQ-3.3/25-Q12PB Maximum Current Temperature Derating (with baseplate, VIN = 12V, air flow is transverse)
Natural Convection
Natural Convection
Output Current (Amps)
23 22.5 22 21.5 21 20.5 20 19.5 19 18.5 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 400 lfm 300 lfm 200 lfm 100 lfm
Output Current (Amps)
23.5
24.0 23.5 23.0 22.5 22.0 21.5 21.0 20.5 20.0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 300 lfm 200 lfm 100 lfm
Ambient Temperature (C)
Ambient Temperature (C)
UQQ-3.3/25-Q48 Maximum Current Temperature Derating at sea level (VIN = 48V, with baseplate, transverse air flow)
26 25 24
Output Current (Amps)
23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Natural Convection 100 LFM 200 LFM 300 LFM 400 LFM
Ambient Temperature (C)
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 12 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Typical Performance Curves
UQQ-5/17-Q12P Maximum Current Temperature Derating No baseplate, VIN = 12V (transverse air flow at sea level)
17 17
UQQ-5/17-Q12P Maximum Current Temperature Derating With baseplate, VIN = 12V (transverse air flow at sea level)
16
400 lfm
16
Output Current (Amps)
15
300 lfm
Output Current (Amps)
15 Natural Convection 14 100 lfm 13 200 lfm 300 lfm 12 400 lfm
14
13
Natural Convection 100 lfm
12
200 lfm
11 -40
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
11 -40
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Ambient Temperature (C)
Ambient Temperature (C)
UQQ-5/20-Q48P Efficiency vs. Line Voltage and Load Current @ 25C
20
UQQ-5/20-Q48 Maximum Current Temperature Derating at sea level (VIN = 48V, with baseplate, transverse airflow)
90
19
85
VIN = 75V
Efficiency (%)
Output Current (Amps)
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Natural Convection 100 lfm 200 lfm 300 lfm 400 lfm
80
VIN = 60V VIN = 48V
75
VIN = 36V VIN = 24V
70
VIN = 18V
65 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Load Current (Amps)
Ambient Temperature (C)
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 13 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Typical Performance Curves
UQQ-12/8-Q12P Maximum Current Temperature Derating (no baseplate, VIN = 12V, air flow is transverse)
8.0 7.5
UQQ-12/8-Q12P Maximum Current Temperature Derating With baseplate, VIN = 12V (transverse air flow at sea level)
8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 Natural Convection 5.5 5.0 4.5 100 lfm 200 lfm 300 lfm 400 lfm
Output Current (Amps)
6.5 6.0 5.5
100 lfm
5.0
Natural Convection
4.5 4.0
200 lfm 300 lfm 400 lfm
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Output Current (Amps)
7.0
4.0 -40
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Ambient Temperature (C)
Ambient Temperature (C)
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 14 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Typical Performance Curves
UQQ-12/8-Q48P Efficiency vs. Line Voltage and Load Current @ 25C 92 90 88 86 Efficiency (%) 84 82 80 78 76 74 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Load Current (Amps)
8 7.5
Output Current (Amps)
UQQ-12/8-Q48P Maximum Current Temperature Derating (With baseplate, VIN = 48V transverse air flow at sea level)
7 6.5 6 100 lfm 5.5 5 4.5 Natural Convection 4 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 200 lfm 300 lfm 400 lfm
VIN = 18V VIN = 36V VIN = 48V VIN = 75V
Ambient Temperature (C)
UQQ-12/8-Q48P Maximum Current Temperature Derating (With baseplate, VIN = 24V, transverse air flow at sea level)
8 7.5
Output Current (Amps)
7 6.5 100 lfm 6 5.5 5 Natural Convection 4.5 4 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 200 lfm 300 lfm 400 lfm
Ambient Temperature (C)
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 15 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Typical Performance Curves
UQQ-15/7-Q12P Maximum Current Temperature Derating With baseplate, VIN = 12V (transverse air flow at sea level)
7 400 lfm 6.5 300 lfm
Output Current (Amps)
6
5.5
5
4.5
Natural Convection 100 lfm 200 lfm
4
3.5 -40
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Ambient Temperature (C)
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 16 of 17
UQQ Series
Wide Input Range Single Output DC/DC Converters
Typical Performance Curves
UQQ-24/4-Q12P Efficiency vs. Line Voltage and Load Current @ 25C 93 92 91 Efficiency (%) 90 89
UQQ-24/4-Q12P Power Dissipation vs. Load Current @ 25C 14 13 12 Power Dissipation (Watts)
VIN = 36V VIN = 30V VIN = 24V VIN = 12V VIN = 10V
VIN = 10V VIN = 12V
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
VIN = 24V
88
VIN = 30V
87
VIN = 36V
86 1 2 Load Current (Amps) 3 4
3 2 1 2 Load Current (Amps) 3 4
UQQ-24/4-Q12P Maximum Current Temperature Derating No baseplate, VIN = 12V (transverse air flow at sea level)
4 3.8 400 lfm 3.6 3.6 4
UQQ-24/4-Q12P Maximum Current Temperature Derating With baseplate, VIN = 12V (transverse air flow at sea level)
400 lfm 3.8 300 lfm
Output Current (Amps)
3.4 3.2 3 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2 Natural Convection 100 lfm 200 lfm 300 lfm
Output Current (Amps)
3.4 3.2 3 Natural Convection 2.8 2.6 100 lfm 2.4 200 lfm 2.2 2
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Ambient Temperature (C)
Ambient Temperature (C)
USA: Canada: UK: France: Germany: Japan: China: Singapore:
Mansfield (MA), Tel: (508) 339-3000, email: sales@murata-ps.com Toronto, Tel: (866) 740-1232, email: toronto@murata-ps.com Milton Keynes, Tel: +44 (0)1908 615232, email: mk@murata-ps.com Montigny Le Bretonneux, Tel: +33 (0)1 34 60 01 01, email: france@murata-ps.com Munchen, Tel: +49 (0)89-544334-0, email: munich@murata-ps.com Tokyo, Tel: 3-3779-1031, email: sales_tokyo@murata-ps.com Osaka, Tel: 6-6354-2025, email: sales_osaka@murata-ps.com Shanghai, Tel: +86 215 027 3678, email: shanghai@murata-ps.com Guangzhou, Tel: +86 208 221 8066, email: guangzhou@murata-ps.com Parkway Centre, Tel: +65 6348 9096, email: singapore@murata-ps.com
Technical enquiries email: sales@murata-ps.com, tel: +1 508 339 3000
Murata Power Solutions, Inc. 11 Cabot Boulevard, Mansfield, MA 02048-1151 U.S.A. Tel: (508) 339-3000 (800) 233-2765 Fax: (508) 339-6356
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12/15/08
Murata Power Solutions, Inc. makes no representation that the use of its products in the circuits described herein, or the use of other technical information contained herein, will not infringe upon existing or future patent rights. The descriptions contained herein do not imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment constructed in accordance therewith. Specifications are subject to change without notice. (c) 2008 Murata Power Solutions, Inc.
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MDC_UQQ.A10 Page 17 of 17

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